Once it’s up, your computer acts like a miniature-server, syncing up to other nodes on the network to create a portal for users to access the internet. Hosts are then paid in Substrate, Substratum’s token, to compensate for their efforts. The pay is calculated on an individual basis, factoring in the CPU power, network bandwidth, and data count a host’s node processes.
- Substrate may also mean subsoil—that is, the layer under the topsoil, lacking in organic matter or humus.
- Within Romance language linguistics, the 1881 Lettere glottologiche of Graziadio Isaia Ascoli argued that the early phonological development of French and other Gallo-Romance languages was shaped by the retention by Celts of their “oral dispositions” even after they had switched to Latin.[17] The related but distinct concept of creole languages was used to counter Mueller’s view in 1884, by Hugo Schuchardt.
- This would, in theory, allow users to circumvent restrictions and access the web through a neutral, traceless network.
- Tiny wafers of silicon (or another semiconductor) serve as the substrate for computer chips.
- The superstratum case refers to elite invading populations that eventually adopt the language of the native lower classes.
It runs existing DNS framework, so Substratum will accommodate default browsers like Chrome, Safari, and Firefox. This ensures that content on the Substratum network is both secure and easily accessible. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word ‘substratum.’ Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. In order to bring their vision to fruition, the Substratum team is designing this interface with the casual user in mind. The team consists of industry veterans who have contracted work to Apple, Microsoft, HP, and OpenStack among others. They recognize the need to make Substratum user-friendly if their ideal for peer-to-peer internet is to become a reality.
SubstratumHost and CryptoPay
These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word ‘substrate.’ Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. When he’s not speculating crypto futures, he’s probably letting his hair down and/or heading to a music festival–because stereotypes exist for a reason. If you’re a user, you simply need to connect to the Substratum network and the protocol will take care of the rest. Using your Domain Name System (DNS) request, its AI geolocates your search request to connect you to the nearest node.
Using the application’s settings dashboard, they can turn their node on and off and even dictate how much processing power they want their computer to contribute to the network. Substratum encrypts all the data and network traffic that run through the network, much like a VPN. Even better, your gateway to the web is broken up between multiple nodes, essentially fragmenting the access point’s IP address. This means that, while you’re using Substratum, no one, including your ISP, can monitor what websites you visit or how you spend your time on the internet. This would, in theory, allow users to circumvent restrictions and access the web through a neutral, traceless network. In the absence of all three lines of evidence mentioned above, linguistic substrata may be difficult to detect.
A different example would be the sociolinguistic situation in Belgium, where the French and Dutch languages have roughly the same status, and could justifiably be called adstrates to each other having each one provided a large set of lexical specifications to the other. Just as a Chinese citizen could use international Substratum nodes to access a restricted website like Facebook, American users could use them to access web content that their ISP may have blocked or throttled. Put simply, it allows anyone to host or access web content through nodes on the Substratum blockchain. In addition to using Substrate to publish content, businesses and websites can implement Substratum’s CryptoPay function. This will allow websites and applications to process payments for goods, services, and fees in the form of any publicly traded crypto-asset.
Examples of substrate in a Sentence
Typically, Creole languages have multiple substrata, with the actual influence of such languages being indeterminate. Even without the threat of web censorship or regulation, Substratum’s endgame promises to deliver where current web hosting protocols fail. On the surface level, Substratum’s blockchain makes web surfing more secure and private. The cryptographic algorithms that run the network ensure data integrity and render VPNs and Tors obsolete. If Bitcoin was trying to effect a peer-to-peer monetary exchange, Substratum is trying to usher in an era of peer-to-peer internet access.
Substantial indirect evidence is needed to infer the former existence of a substrate. The nonexistence of a substrate is difficult to show,[11] and to avoid digressing into speculation, burden of proof must lie on the side of the scholar claiming the influence of a substrate. The principle of uniformitarianism[12] and results from the study of human genetics suggest that many languages have formerly existed that have since then been replaced under expansive language families, such as Indo-European, Afro-Asiatic, Uralic or Bantu. However, it is not a given that such expansive languages would have acquired substratum influence from the languages they have replaced. With its Latin prefix sub-, “below”, substrate obviously refers to a layer under something else. Tiny wafers of silicon (or another semiconductor) serve as the substrate for computer chips.
substratum noun
The term adstratum is also used to identify systematic influences or a layer of borrowings in a given language from another language independently of whether the two languages continue coexisting as separate entities. Many modern languages have an appreciable adstratum from English due to the cultural influence and economic preponderance of the United States on international markets and previously colonization by the British Empire which made English a global lingua franca. The Greek and Latin coinages adopted by European languages (including English and now languages worldwide) to describe scientific topics (sociology, medicine, anatomy, biology, all the ‘-logy’ words, etc.) are also justifiably called adstrata. Another example is found in Spanish and Portuguese, which contain a heavy Semitic (particularly Arabic) adstratum; and Yiddish, which is a linguistic variety of High German with adstrata from Hebrew and Aramaic, mostly in the sphere of religion, and Slavic languages, by reason of the geopolitical contexts Yiddish speaking villages lived through for centuries before disappearing during the Holocaust.
Other examples of substrate languages are the influence of the now extinct North Germanic Norn language on the Scots dialects of the Shetland and Orkney islands. In the Arab Middle East and North Africa, colloquial Arabic dialects, most especially Levantine, Egyptian, and Maghreb dialects, often exhibit significant substrata from other regional Semitic (especially Aramaic), Iranian, and what is substratum Berber languages. Yemeni Arabic has Modern South Arabian, Old South Arabian and Himyaritic substrata. A superstrate may also represent an imposed linguistic element akin to what occurred with English and Norman after the Norman Conquest of 1066 when use of the English language carried low prestige. In the case of French, for example, Latin is the superstrate and Gaulish the substrate.
Whiskery Words for Facial Hair
Thus, both concepts apply to a situation where an intrusive language establishes itself in the territory of another, typically as the result of migration. Whether the superstratum case (the local language persists and the intrusive language disappears) or the substratum one (the local language disappears and the intrusive language persists) applies will normally only be evident after several generations, during which the intrusive language exists within a diaspora culture. The superstratum case refers to elite invading populations that eventually adopt the language of the native lower classes. An example would be the Burgundians and Franks in France, who eventually abandoned their Germanic dialects in favor of other Indo-European languages of the Romance branch, profoundly influencing the local speech in the process. Although the influence of the prior language when a community speaks (and adopts) a new one may have been informally acknowledged beforehand, the concept was formalized and popularized initially in the late 19th century. Within Romance language linguistics, the 1881 Lettere glottologiche of Graziadio Isaia Ascoli argued that the early phonological development of French and other Gallo-Romance languages was shaped by the retention by Celts of their “oral dispositions” even after they had switched to Latin.[17] The related but distinct concept of creole languages was used to counter Mueller’s view in 1884, by Hugo Schuchardt.
More from Merriam-Webster on substratum
Many of you are probably thinking about Substratum as it relates to heavily censored countries like China. Well, Substratum would definitely help bring previously restricted content to people in such countries.
Substrate may also mean subsoil—that is, the layer under the topsoil, lacking in organic matter or humus. Substrate is part of the vocabulary of various other sciences, including chemistry and biology. But although it’s mostly a scientific term, writers may also use it to mean simply “foundation”—for instance, when observing that reading is the substrate on which most other learning is based. The phenomenon is less common https://cryptolisting.org/ today in standardized linguistic varieties and more common in colloquial forms of speech since modern nations tend to favour one single linguistic variety (often corresponding to the dialect of the capital and other important regions) over others. In India, where dozens of languages are widespread, many languages could be said to share an adstratal relationship, but Hindi is certainly a dominant adstrate in North India.